Entomology and Pest Management, Fourth Edition

“fire ants are considered beneficial insects because they prey on bollworms”

p. 212 #6493416

“fire ants are considered beneficial insects because they prey on bollworms and boll weevils”

p. 212 #6493417

“20 sweeps in alfalfa to obtain a sampling unit of adult ladybird beetles”

p. 217 #6493418

“parasitic wasps may be very effective in limiting size of a caterpillar population”

p. 208 #6493419

“Aphelinus mali (Haldeman), has successfully suppressed populations of the woolly apple aphid”

p. 443 #6493455

“Resistant cultivars enhanced the depressive influence of a parasitoid, Lysiphlebus testaceipes”

p. 474 #6493485

“vedalia beetle had successfully suppressed the cottony cushion scale”

p. 316 #6493510

“Beauveria bassiana, marketed for whiteflies, thrips, aphids, mealybugs”

p. 332 #6493554

“marketed for whiteflies, thrips, aphids, mealybugs, and beetles”

p. 332 #6493555

“marketed for whiteflies, thrips, aphids, mealybugs”

p. 332 #6493556

“marketed for whiteflies, thrips, aphids, mealybugs, and beetles”

p. 332 #6493557

“killed by a pathogenic fungus, Nomuraea rileyi”

p. 332 #6493558

“controlled by Eretmocerus serius, a wasp parasitoid”

p. 333 #6493559

“controlled by Aphelinus mali, a wasp parasitoid”

p. 333 #6493560

“controlled by Aphytis lepidosaphes, a wasp parasitoid”

#6493561

“controlled by Aphytis maculicornis and Coccophagoides utilis”

p. 334 #6493562

“Coccophagoides utilis, both wasp parasitoids”

p. 334 #6493563

“particularly using Microctonus aethiopoides, have been made in the Midwest”

p. 334 #6493564

“Epidinocarsis lopezi (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), quickly became established”

p. 334 #6493565

“30,000 to 40,000 acres of corn against the European corn borer”

p. 337 #6493566

“Trichogramma species, used on more than 100,000 hectares of crops”

p. 338 #6493567

“Chrysoperla species (lacewings) used on about 2,385 hectares against mealybugs”

p. 338 #6493568

“ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens, are frequently used in augmentation”

p. 337 #6493569

“Aphytis species used on about 4,450 hectares against California red scale”

p. 338 #6493570

“an exotic parasitoid, Pediobius foveolatus, imported from India”

p. 338 #6493571

“predatory mites, Phytoseiulus persimilis, against plant-feeding mites”

p. 339 #6493572

“parasitoids, Encarsia formosa and Aphidius matricariae, against whiteflies”

p. 339 #6493573

“parasitic wasp, Anagrus epos, which attacks the grape leafhopper”

p. 342 #6493574

“Immature stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) sucking body contents from larval prey”

p. 334 #6493575

“green lacewings, Chrysoperla carnea, can be attracted by applying artificial honeydew”

p. 504 #6493597

“ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), may have greater tolerance to insecticides”

p. 580 #6493661

“three predaceous mites (Amblyseius fallacis, Agistemus fleshneri”

p. 583 #6493662

“three predaceous mites (Amblyseius fallacis, Agistemus fleshneri, Zetzellia mali)”

p. 583 #6493663

“three predaceous mites (Amblyseius fallacis, Agistemus fleshneri, Zetzellia mali)”

p. 583 #6493664

“and a ladybird beetle, Stethorus punctum”

p. 584 #6493665

“introduced ichneumonid parasitoid, Mesoleiustenthredinis”

p. 572 #6493666

“Organophosphate-resistant genotypes of Metaseiulus occidentalis”

p. 587 #6493667

“the wasp parasitoid Aphytis melinus”

p. 587 #6493668

“European red mite and twospotted spider mite populations are strongly regulated by predatory mites”

p. 608 #6493698

“predator mite, Amblyseius fallacis... about to feed on... twospotted spider mite”

p. 609 #6493699

“Fire ants attack germinating seedlings such as soybean and corn”

p. 212 #6493392

“More than 500 species of trees are attacked by this pest”

p. 213 #6493393

“Fire ants attack germinating seedlings such as soybean and corn”

p. 212 #6493394

“Fire ants attack germinating seedlings such as soybean and corn”

p. 212 #6493395

“Root rating schemes indicating the feeding of corn rootworms”

p. 237 #6493396

“for the attraction of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon) larvae in corn”

p. 229 #6493397

“Alfalfa weevils, particularly larvae, are early-season defoliators of alfalfa”

p. 247 #6493398

“potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, populations per sweep of alfalfa”

p. 217 #6493399

“if numbers of aphids per leaf of a potato plant are falling”

p. 207 #6493400

“two grasshopper species, Melanoplus femurrubrum and M. differentialis, in soybean”

p. 240 #6493401

“two grasshopper species, Melanoplus femurrubrum and M. differentialis, in soybean”

p. 240 #6493402

“potential damage by the codling moth in apple, pear, plum, and walnut orchards”

p. 229 #6493403

“potential damage by the codling moth in apple, pear, plum, and walnut orchards”

p. 229 #6493404

“potential damage by the codling moth in apple, pear, plum, and walnut orchards”

p. 229 #6493405

“potential damage by the codling moth in apple, pear, plum, and walnut orchards”

p. 229 #6493406

“pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella)”

p. 211 #6493407

“cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus)”

p. 211 #6493409

“Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata)”

p. 211 #6493410

“Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens)”

p. 211 #6493411

“melon fly Dacus cucurbitae in California and Florida”

p. 229 #6493412

“oriental fruit fly Dacus dorsalis”

p. 229 #6493413

“khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium)”

p. 211 #6493414

“Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica)”

p. 211 #6493415

“larvae also injure plants by feeding on roots and nodules”

p. 373 #6493425

“commonly found in soybeans, pea, cowpea, and several other bean species”

p. 373 #6493426

“commonly found in soybeans, pea, cowpea, and several other bean species”

p. 373 #6493427

“commonly found in soybeans, pea, cowpea, and several other bean species”

p. 373 #6493428

“southern green stink bugs, Nezara viridula, are also attracted to, and concentrate in, the trap”

p. 372 #6493429

“blossom abortion caused by bug feeding is significantly reduced in the cotton”

p. 372 #6493430

“females lay eggs on the leaves of early-sown wheat”

#6493431

“The pest is most abundant from late spring to early fall in the southern United States”

p. 371 #6493432

“ripening occurs before corn matures, and injury by the corn earworm is minimal”

p. 371 #6493433

“to avert damage by the clover seed midge, Dasineura leguminicola”

p. 371 #6493434

“the wheat stem sawfly, which tunnels in wheat stems, causing plant lodging and harvest loss”

p. 377 #6493436

“loss of yield from corn ears that drop early because of European corn borer tunneling”

p. 377 #6493437

“Losses from bark beetles, Ips species, in pine are least likely if logging operations are completed during the fall or winter months”

p. 377 #6493438

“damage from the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae, and the alfalfa weevil”

p. 377 #6493439

“Phosmet is also used against two important weevils, the boll weevil on cotton”

#6493440

“the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar, on fruit trees”

#6493441

“nicotine, an insecticide used against the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata”

p. 408 #6493442

“the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, on apples”

p. 409 #6493443

“grape phylloxera... threatened to wipe out the French wine industry”

p. 442 #6493444

“'Underhill' variety wheat resistant to the introduced Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor”

p. 442 #6493446

“Primary injury... is caused by root feeding, which causes stunting of growth”

p. 443 #6493447

“'Winter Majetin' apples were reported resistant to the woolly apple aphid”

p. 442 #6493448

“wingless females begin parthenogenetically reproducing at a rapid rate on elm trees”

p. 443 #6493449

“is found on apple, elm, mountain ash, pear, and hawthorn”

p. 443 #6493450

“is found on apple, elm, mountain ash, pear, and hawthorn”

p. 443 #6493451

“a new biotype of the phylloxera (an asexual, totally root-inhabiting mutant) developed”

p. 442 #6493452

“cucurbitacins... act as attractants and feeding incitants for the beetles”

p. 447 #6493453

“European corn borer larvae, which feed at the whorl before boring into the plant”

p. 415 #6493454

“Helicoverpa zea, an important pest of many field and garden crops”

p. 448 #6493457

“husk tightness in corn resists damage from corn earworms”

p. 448 #6493458

“Beetles are attracted to cucurbits and incited to feed by cucurbitacins”

p. 448 #6493459

“hard, woody stems with closely packed vascular bundles in cucurbits resist feeding”

p. 449 #6493460

“density of pith and node tissues in wheat resists damage by the wheat stem sawfly”

p. 449 #6493461

“Alfalfa susceptible to the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica”

p. 450 #6493464

“ability to repair and replace roots fed upon by the western corn rootworm”

p. 451 #6493465

“pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella”

p. 452 #6493466

“considerable evasion from populations of corn earworm and tobacco budworm”

p. 452 #6493467

“Larvae feed between the leaf sheath and stalk, causing stunted and weakened plants”

p. 455 #6493470

“The species also attacks barley and rye but to a lesser extent”

p. 455 #6493471

“also attacks barley and rye but to a lesser extent”

p. 455 #6493472

“Colorado potato beetle one of the most serious pests of the crop”

p. 464 #6493481

“resistance in corn to the European corn borer”

p. 459 #6493483

“Bt delta endotoxin cultivars for use against the European corn borer, southwestern corn borer”

p. 464 #6493484

“larvae that damage the top growth of the plant by entering and feeding on the developing buds”

p. 249 #6493487

“the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis, occurs in the western United States”

p. 249 #6493488

“Larvae defoliate soybeans and can cause serious yield losses when outbreaks occur”

p. 277 #6493493

“the green cloverworm (Hypena scabra) program for soybeans. This insect defoliator”

p. 252 #6493494

“the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura, which consumes the plumules of soybean seedlings”

p. 269 #6493496

“the tunneling of the stalk borer, Papaipema nebris, in young corn plants”

p. 269 #6493497

“EUROPEAN CORN BORER: Egg masses/25 plants”

p. 247 #6493498

“Larvae also attack numerous vegetable crops”

p. 277 #6493500

“serious, yet sporadic, defoliator of soybeans”

p. 304 #6493502

“serious, yet sporadic, defoliator of soybeans, alfalfa, and other legumes”

p. 304 #6493503

“potato leafhoppers, Empoasca fabae, which may move into soybean”

#6493507

“particularly early season in edgerows”

#6493508

“stalk borer, which overwinters in field borders”

#6493509

“weevil mortality rates of about 70 percent”

p. 334 #6493517

“feed on the underside of leaves and are often economically damaging to beans”

p. 340 #6493520

“economically damaging to beans, including bush, pole, lima, and soybean”

p. 340 #6493521

“lower infestations of aphids, leafhoppers... and codling moth, Cydia pomonella”

p. 341 #6493522

“30,000 to 40,000 acres of corn against the European corn borer”

p. 337 #6493523

“southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, populations have been reduced”

p. 351 #6493524

“particularly important in reducing infestations of the pink bollworm”

p. 351 #6493525

“Lint and cottonseed losses between 1909 and 1949 averaged $203 million annually”

p. 351 #6493526

“the plowing under and disposal of stubble may still be a practical procedure”

p. 351 #6493527

“squash bugs (Anasa tristis), some aphids... and other pests”

p. 353 #6493528

“Removing vines and infested tubers also is an important practice”

p. 353 #6493529

“removal and destruction of almonds remaining on the trees and ground after harvest”

p. 353 #6493530

“the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana, a pest of pine plantations”

p. 353 #6493531

“spring plowing is recommended to cover overwintering cocoons of the grape berry moth”

p. 361 #6493533

“effectively suppressed by frequent overhead irrigation of potatoes in New Zealand”

p. 363 #6493534

“diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, on watercress in Hawaii”

p. 363 #6493535

“head cabbage in Indiana... intermittent applications of water”

p. 363 #6493536

“Both adults and larvae attack young leaves of grasses, including wheat, oats, barley, rye, and corn”

p. 364 #6493537

“lowers yield (often up to 30 percent or more)”

p. 368 #6493538

“remain dormant in the egg stage for 2 years”

p. 367 #6493539

“more than one generation is typical, and it overwinters as adults or eggs”

p. 368 #6493540

“winter grain mite, Penthaleus major, on wheat, oats, and barley”

p. 368 #6493541

“Burning grasses and broadleaf weeds in early March can reduce infestations by 82 to 97 percent”

p. 356 #6493542

“Larvae of armyworm moths readily feed on corn, oats, barley, and rye”

p. 349 #6493543

“Larvae... readily feed on corn, oats, barley, and rye”

p. 349 #6493544

“Larvae... readily feed on corn, oats, barley, and rye”

p. 349 #6493545

“Larvae... readily feed on corn, oats, barley, and rye”

p. 349 #6493546

“the most common of the moths that infest whole grains”

p. 358 #6493547

“weeds be tilled under at least 8 days before planting”

p. 361 #6493548

“wheat curl mite (Eriophyes tulipae)”

p. 355 #6493549

“much lower mite populations than those grown in unshaded areas”

p. 366 #6493550

“an effective method for reducing infestations of the codling moth, apple maggot”

p. 353 #6493552

“plum curculio (Conotrachelus nenuphar) in small orchards”

p. 353 #6493553

“Diofenolan is effective against most scale insects”

p. 484 #6493577

“used in citrus, pome fruit, stone fruit, grape, mango, olive”

p. 484 #6493578

“used in citrus, pome fruit, stone fruit, grape, mango, olive”

p. 484 #6493579

“used in citrus, pome fruit, stone fruit, grape, mango, olive”

p. 484 #6493580

“used in citrus, pome fruit, stone fruit, grape, mango, olive”

p. 484 #6493581

“used in citrus, pome fruit, stone fruit, grape, mango, olive, nut, and tea crops”

p. 484 #6493582

“boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis, in cotton”

p. 484 #6493583

“Dying larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, that were in contact with diflubenzuron”

p. 484 #6493584

“activity for cutworms, sod webworms, armyworms, and white grubs”

p. 488 #6493585

“have been used successfully against the pink bollworm in cotton”

p. 496 #6493586

“tests with the boll weevil showing promise involved pheromone traps placed in strips”

p. 493 #6493587

“3,2-MCH dispensed near freshly felled Douglas fir reduced attacks as much as 96 percent”

p. 503 #6493588

“effective results against other bark beetles on felled Sitka spruce trees”

p. 503 #6493589

“oviposition-deterring pheromones were sprayed on cherry trees to reduce fruit damage”

p. 503 #6493590

“used for aphid and whitefly management in vegetables, ornamentals, cotton”

p. 501 #6493591

“used for aphid and whitefly management in vegetables, ornamentals, cotton”

p. 501 #6493592

“Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) problem in California”

p. 519 #6493593

“olive fruit fly (Dacus oleae)”

p. 519 #6493594

“Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens)”

p. 519 #6493595

“isolated populations of the melon fly and oriental fruit fly have been eradicated”

p. 519 #6493596

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including orange”

p. 524 #6493599

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including ... peach”

p. 524 #6493600

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including ... grapefruit”

p. 524 #6493601

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including ... plum”

p. 524 #6493602

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including ... apple”

p. 524 #6493603

“destructive pests of more than 100 species of fruit, including ... pear”

p. 524 #6493604

“larvae feed in the bolls on lint, carpel tissues, and seeds”

p. 526 #6493605

“25 to 35 larvae can infest a single cabbage head”

p. 529 #6493606

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... celery”

p. 529 #6493607

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... lettuce”

p. 529 #6493608

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... broccoli”

p. 529 #6493609

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... tomato”

p. 529 #6493610

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... tobacco”

p. 529 #6493611

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... bean”

p. 529 #6493612

“common pest of many plant species, such as ... turnip”

p. 529 #6493613

“dense populations of alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica, in alfalfa stands”

p. 542 #6493614

“Pod feeding usually is the most significant injury caused by the bean leaf beetle”

p. 546 #6493615

“females gouge out small cavities with their snouts and lay eggs”

p. 549 #6493631

“areawide orchard project, emphasizing the codling moth on pome fruits”

p. 552 #6493632

“infestations affect 20 to 95 percent of the apples in a typical orchard”

p. 556 #6493635

“The species is also found on pear, English walnut, and quince”

p. 556 #6493636

“also found on pear, English walnut, and quince”

p. 556 #6493637

“also found on pear, English walnut, and quince”

p. 556 #6493638

“no labeled insecticides effective against the Colorado potato beetle on over 44 percent of the potato acreage”

p. 567 #6493639

“extended diapause, a state of dormancy in the egg stage that lasts for two winters”

p. 573 #6493640

“strain of western corn rootworms has been selected with the behavior of ovipositing in soybeans”

p. 573 #6493641

“invading populations of the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella, in California cotton”

p. 583 #6493642

“outbreaks of the cotton leafperforator, Bucculatrix thurheriella”

p. 583 #6493643

“spider mites (Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and Aculus schlechtendali)”

p. 583 #6493644

“spider mites (Panonychus ulmi, Tetranychus urticae, and Aculus schlechtendali)”

p. 583 #6493645

“apple maggot (Rhagoletispomonella)”

p. 584 #6493646

“The pest is especially destructive on bean, cotton, strawberry, curcubits, and apples”

p. 583 #6493647

“especially destructive on bean, cotton, strawberry, curcubits, and apples”

p. 583 #6493648

“especially destructive on bean, cotton, strawberry, curcubits, and apples”

p. 583 #6493649

“especially destructive on bean, cotton, strawberry, curcubits, and apples”

p. 583 #6493650

“especially destructive on bean, cotton, strawberry, curcubits, and apples”

p. 583 #6493651

“cyclamen mite, Steneotarsonemus pallidus, on strawberries in California”

p. 580 #6493652

“brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, on rice”

p. 584 #6493653

“Resurgence of Helicouerpa species after applications of monocrotophos”

p. 584 #6493654

“secondary outbreaks (replacements) of the California red scale, Aonidiella aurantii”

p. 587 #6493655

“sprays directed toward the navelorangeworm, Amyelois transitella”

p. 587 #6493656

“larch sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, populations in central and eastern North America”

p. 572 #6493657

“best-known examples of the phenomenon occurs in the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor”

p. 573 #6493658

“significant resistance in field populations has been reported only for the diamondback moth”

p. 572 #6493659

“Budworms Helicouerpaarmigera”

p. 563 #6493660

“most destructive bark beetle of coniferous forests on the continent”

p. 593 #6493670

“western corn rootworms are also known to survive on foxtail and a limited number of other grasses”

p. 602 #6493671

“most destructive bark beetle of coniferous forests on the continent”

p. 593 #6493672

“key insect pests of cotton in the West include the pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella”

p. 596 #6493673

“plant bugs, Lygus species, whereas the boll weevil”

p. 596 #6493674

“the boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis, and certain plant bugs”

p. 596 #6493675

“cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus”

p. 597 #6493676

“the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea... have assumed major pest status”

p. 597 #6493677

“tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens, which have assumed major pest status”

p. 597 #6493678

“estimated $75 million to $140 million damage annually”

p. 599 #6493679

“corn earworm larvae burrow into the tomato fruits, causing fruit drop”

p. 599 #6493680

“it also damages tobacco, cotton, tomato, legumes”

p. 599 #6493681

“northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica barberi, and the western corn rootworm”

p. 601 #6493682

“Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, and the western corn rootworm”

p. 601 #6493683

“probably the most important pest across all corn-growing regions”

p. 602 #6493684

“pests like black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, when outbreaks occur”

p. 606 #6493685

“Codling moth larvae injure fruit when they tunnel and feed on seeds”

p. 607 #6493686

“Plum curculios make crescentlike punctures on fruit surfaces”

p. 607 #6493687

“apple maggot may produce the heaviest infestations of all”

p. 607 #6493688

“Redbanded leafroller larvae feed on leaves and the surface of fruit”

p. 607 #6493689

“the major mite pests of concern are the European red mite (Panonychus ulmi)”

p. 608 #6493690

“twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae)”

p. 608 #6493691

“the apple rust mite (Aculus schlechtendali)”

p. 608 #6493692

“The species is a serious tree fruit pest throughout its range”

p. 611 #6493693

“tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris”

p. 610 #6493694

“the green fruitworm, Lithophane antennata”

p. 610 #6493695

“oblique-banded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana, traps are placed”

p. 610 #6493696

“against European apple sawfly and plum curculio at petal fall”

p. 609 #6493697

“white-tailed deer populations, which were partly regulated by the parasite”

p. 589 #6493669

“they migrate and transmit celery mosaic virus”

p. 370 #6493435

“potato viruses transmitted by aphids”

#6493506

“they transmit the fungal organism Ceratocystis ulmi”

p. 354 #6493532

“beet leafhopper vectors a virus that causes curly top disease in several crops”

p. 356 #6493551

“beet leafhopper (Circulifer tenellus)”

p. 211 #6493408

“wireworm problems can occur in potatoes when this crop is grown after red or sweet clover”

#6493420

“wireworm problems can occur in potatoes when this crop is grown after red or sweet clover”

#6493421

“corn following grass sod may suffer serious damage from wireworms”

p. 369 #6493422

“Movement of the bugs into cotton is particularly heavy after alfalfa fields have been clipped for hay”

p. 373 #6493423

“Late-planted tomatoes can be heavily infested by moths that move from the succeedingly less attractive corn”

p. 371 #6493424

“Eggs overwinter on elm bark... winged individuals develop in early summer and disperse to apple”

p. 443 #6493445

“Bt-laden pollen could drift onto milkweed, be eaten by the larvae”

p. 467 #6493456

“pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on peas and alfalfa”

p. 455 #6493462

“rice cultivars deficient in asparagine cause reduced fecundity in the brown planthopper”

p. 449 #6493463

“The Pacific spider mite is by far the most injurious”

p. 453 #6493468

“Leaves are injured both by the Pacific spider mite and the Willamette mite”

p. 453 #6493469

“leaves to become curled and yellowed plants are severely stunted and often die”

p. 471 #6493473

“greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, on wheat”

p. 454 #6493474

“Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum, injury to susceptible and resistant sorghums”

p. 473 #6493475

“barleys have shown the highest levels of resistance”

p. 472 #6493476

“corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, on sorghum and corn”

p. 454 #6493477

“corn leaf aphid, Rhopalosiphum maidis, on sorghum and corn”

p. 454 #6493478

“grape phylloxera on grapes”

p. 454 #6493479

“biotypes of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae, on rape”

p. 459 #6493480

“some tobacco resistant to green peach aphid”

p. 459 #6493482

“Lacking suitable habitat after alfalfa harvest, leafhoppers migrate into soybeans”

p. 262 #6493486

“developed by F. Du Toit for Russian wheat aphids, Diuraphis noxia, on winter wheat”

p. 260 #6493489

“they suck plant juices and can cause a leaf necrosis (hopperburn), especially in young plants”

p. 262 #6493490

“one of the most important alfalfa pests in the eastern and north-central United States”

p. 279 #6493491

“this pest is capable of feeding on numerous other host species, including soybean and potato”

p. 279 #6493492

“Spissistilus festinus, girdle soybean stems, thus destroying conductive tissues”

p. 267 #6493495

“Tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris, injury (cat-facing) to peaches”

p. 268 #6493499

“planting soybeans next to alfalfa is not a good idea”

#6493501

“scale threatened the entire California citrus industry”

p. 316 #6493504

“also attacks shade trees, ornamentals, and other fruit trees”

p. 316 #6493505

“source of beet leafhopper infestations was found to be from Russian thistle”

p. 356 #6493511

“potato leafhoppers... may move into soybean when alfalfa is clipped for hay”

p. 366 #6493512

“citrus blackfly, Aleurocanthus woglumi, controlled by Eretmocerus serius”

p. 333 #6493513

“woolly apple aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, controlled by Aphelinus mali”

p. 333 #6493514

“purple scale, Lepidosaphes beckii, controlled by Aphytis lepidosaphes”

#6493515

“olive scale, Parlatoria oleae, controlled by Aphytis maculicornis and Coccophagoides utilis”

p. 334 #6493516

“cassava mealybug caused up to 80 percent losses... by feeding on the growing tips”

p. 334 #6493518

“Aphytis species used on about 4,450 hectares against California red scale”

p. 338 #6493519

“commercial product containing the compounds, derived from buffalo gourd, is Slam”

p. 501 #6493576

“beetles move from alfalfa to soybean when the soybean emerge”

p. 545 #6493598

“injecting a toxin during feeding that prevents production of chlorophyll”

p. 554 #6493616

“Preferred hosts of the pest are wheat, barley, and triticale”

p. 554 #6493617

“Preferred hosts of the pest are wheat, barley, and triticale”

p. 554 #6493618

“the insect also may be found in rye and oats”

p. 554 #6493619

“the insect also may be found in rye and oats”

p. 554 #6493620

“can cause severe damage to melons”

p. 555 #6493621

“severe damage to melons, alfalfa, cotton”

p. 555 #6493622

“severe damage to melons, alfalfa, cotton”

p. 555 #6493623

“severe damage to ... early planted lettuce”

p. 555 #6493624

“severe damage to ... broccoli”

p. 555 #6493625

“severe damage to ... eggplant”

p. 555 #6493626

“Moderate damage can occur in citrus, grapes”

p. 555 #6493627

“Moderate damage can occur in citrus, grapes”

p. 555 #6493628

“Moderate damage can occur in ... sugar beets”

p. 555 #6493629

“Moderate damage can occur in ... green beans”

p. 555 #6493630

“sweetpotato whitefly overwinters on desert weeds, colonizes cucurbits in January and February”

p. 555 #6493633

“migrates to cotton in April and May”

p. 555 #6493634